Prototype
A prototype is an early product model built to test design concepts, validate functionality, gather feedback, or prove manufacturing feasibility before committing to production tooling and processes. Prototypes range from rough proof-of-concept models made with whatever works to production-representative samples built with intended materials and processes.
Examples
Proof of concept prototype: Early in development, engineers create rough prototypes using 3D printing and off-the-shelf components to test whether a mechanical concept works. Materials and processes don't match production intent; the goal is learning quickly.
Engineering validation prototype: After concept selection, more refined prototypes built closer to intended design undergo testing for performance, reliability, and safety. These may use prototype tooling or machined parts that approximate molded designs.
Production validation prototype: Near the end of development, prototypes built using production-intent materials, tooling, and processes validate that the design can be manufactured as intended. These prototypes closely represent final production units and lead into pilot production.
Definition
Prototyping has become faster and cheaper with technologies like 3D printing, CNC machining services, and rapid tooling. This enables more design iterations earlier in development, when changes cost the least. The philosophy of "fail fast, fail cheap" depends on accessible prototyping.
Different prototype stages serve different purposes. Early prototypes test fundamental concepts. Development prototypes evaluate performance and refine designs. Later prototypes validate production readiness. Understanding the purpose drives decisions about prototype fidelity and investment.
Procurement's prototype support includes sourcing prototype services, obtaining evaluation samples from potential suppliers, and procuring development quantities of components that may not yet be approved for production. Prototype sourcing often prioritizes speed over cost optimization.
Prototype quantities typically fall outside normal production supplier relationships. Organizations may use different suppliers for prototyping than production, particularly when prototype quantities are too small for production suppliers to handle efficiently or when timing is critical.
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